Exodus 12
Exodus 12:1 While they were still in the land of Egypt, Yahveh told Moses and Aaron
Exodus 12:2 “This month will be the beginning of months for you. It will be the first month of the year for you.
Exodus 12:3 Tell all the congregation[1] of Israel that on the tenth day of this month every man will take a lamb according to their fathers’ houses, a lamb for a house.
Exodus 12:4 And if the house is too small to eat an entire lamb, then he and his nearest neighbor will share according to the number of throats; according to what each can eat you will make your count for the lamb.
Exodus 12:5 Your lamb will be without blemish, a male a year old. You may take it from the sheep or from the goats,
Exodus 12:6 and you will keep it until the fourteenth day of this month, when the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel will kill their lambs at twilight.
Exodus 12:7 “Then they will take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and the lintel of the houses in which they eat it.
Exodus 12:8 They will eat the flesh that night, roasted on the fire; with unleavened bread and bitter herbs they will eat it.
Exodus 12:9 Do not eat any of it raw or boiled in water, but roasted, its head with its legs and its inner parts.
Exodus 12:10 And you will let none of it remain until the morning; anything that remains until the morning you will burn.
Exodus 12:11 In this manner you will eat it: with your belt fastened, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. And you will eat it in haste. It is Yahveh’s Passover.
Exodus 12:12 Because I will pass through the land of Egypt that night, and I will strike all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and I will condemn all the gods of Egypt. I am Yahveh.
Exodus 12:13 The blood will be a sign for you, on the houses where you are. And when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and no plague will come upon you to destroy you, when I strike the land of Egypt.
Exodus 12:14 “This day will be for you a memorial day, and you will keep it as a feast to Yahveh; throughout your generations, as a permanent prescription,[2] you will keep it as a feast.
Exodus 12:15 Seven days you will eat unleavened bread. On the first day you will remove leaven out of your houses, because if anyone eats what is leavened, from the first day until the seventh day, that throat will be cut off from Israel.
Exodus 12:16 On the first day you will hold a sacred assembly, and on the seventh day a sacred assembly. No work will be done on those days. But what every throat needs to eat, that alone may be prepared by you.
Exodus 12:17 And you will observe the Feast of Unleavened Bread, because on this very day I brought your armies out of the land of Egypt. Because of this, you will observe this day, throughout your generations, as a permanent prescription.
Exodus 12:18 In the first month, from the fourteenth day of the month at evening, you will eat unleavened bread until the twenty-first day of the month at evening.
Exodus 12:19 For seven days no leaven is to be found in your houses. If anyone eats what is leavened, that throat will be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he is a foreign guest or a native of the land.
Exodus 12:20 You will eat nothing leavened; in all your dwelling places you will eat unleavened bread.”
Exodus 12:21 Then Moses summoned all the elders of Israel and told them, “Draw out and take lambs for yourselves according to your clans, and kill the Passover lamb.
Exodus 12:22 Take a cluster of hyssop and dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and brush the lintel and the two doorposts with the blood that is in the basin. None of you should go out of the door of his house until the morning.
Exodus 12:23 Because Yahveh will pass through to strike the Egyptians, and when he sees the blood on the lintel and on the two doorposts, Yahveh will pass over the door and will not allow the destroyer to enter your houses to strike.
Exodus 12:24 You are to observe this ritual as a permanent prescribed task for you and for your sons forever.
Exodus 12:25 So when you come to the land that Yahveh will give you, as he has promised, you will keep this practice.
Exodus 12:26 And when your children ask you, ‘What do you mean by this practice?’
Exodus 12:27 you will say, ‘It is the sacrifice of Yahveh’s Passover, because he passed over the houses of the people of Israel in Egypt, when he struck the Egyptians but stripped our houses.’ “And the people bowed down low.
Exodus 12:28 Then the people of Israel went and did so; just as Yahveh had commanded Moses and Aaron, this is what they did.
Exodus 12:29 At midnight Yahveh struck down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the house of the pit, and all the firstborn of the livestock.
Exodus 12:30 And Pharaoh got up in the night, he and all his slaves and all the Egyptians. And there was a great outcry in Egypt, because there was not a house where someone was not dead.
Exodus 12:31 Then he summoned Moses and Aaron by night and said, “Up, go away from among my people, both you and the people of Israel; and go, serve Yahveh, as you have said.
Exodus 12:32 Take your flocks and your herds, as you have said, and go, and bless me also!”
Exodus 12:33 The Egyptians made the people strong so they could go away from the land quickly. Because they said, “We are all dead.”
Exodus 12:34 So the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading bowls being bound up in their cloaks on their shoulders.
Exodus 12:35 The sons of Israel had also done as Moses told them, because they had asked the Egyptians for silver and gold jewelry and for clothing.
Exodus 12:36 And Yahveh had given the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they let them have what they asked for. This is how they stripped the Egyptians.
Exodus 12:37 And the sons of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, with about six hundred platoons of foot soldiers, separated from their children.
Exodus 12:38 An ethnically mixed company also went out with them, and very many flocks and herds of livestock.
Exodus 12:39 And they had baked unleavened loaves of the dough that they had brought out of Egypt, because it had not been leavened, since they were thrust out of Egypt and could not wait, nor had they prepared any provision for themselves.
Exodus 12:40 The time that the sons of Israel lived in Egypt was 430 years.
Exodus 12:41 At the end of 430 years, on that very day, all the armies of Yahveh went out from the land of Egypt.
Exodus 12:42 It was a night of watching by Yahveh, to bring them out of the land of Egypt; so this same night is a night when the sons of Israel keep watch for Yahveh throughout their generations.
Exodus 12:43 And Yahveh said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the permanent prescription of the Passover: no outsider is to eat of it,
Exodus 12:44 but after you have circumcised him, any slave that a man has purchased with silver may eat of it.
Exodus 12:45 A temporary resident or hired servant is not to eat of it.
Exodus 12:46 It will be eaten in one house; you will not take any of the meat outside the house, and you will not break any of its bones.
Exodus 12:47 All the congregation of Israel will keep it.
Exodus 12:48 If a foreigner is your guest and wants to keep the Passover to Yahveh, make sure all his males are circumcised. Then he may come near and keep it; he will be like a native of the land. But no uncircumcised person is allowed to eat it.
Exodus 12:49 There will be one instruction[3] for the native and for the foreigner who is a guest among you.”
Exodus 12:50 All the people of Israel did just as Yahveh commanded Moses and Aaron.
Exodus 12:51 And on that very day Yahveh brought the people of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their armies.
[1] עֵדָה = congregation. Exodus 12:3, 6, 19, 47; 16:1, 2, 9, 10, 22; 17:1; 34:31; 35:1, 4, 20; 38:25.+
[2] חֻקָּה = prescription. Exodus 12:14, 17, 43; 13:10; 27:21; 28:43; 29:9.
[3]תּוֹרָה = instruction. Exodus 12:49; 13:9; 16:4, 28; 18:16, 20; 24:12.
Exodus 12 quotes:
“The narrative of the first Passover is a pivotal story in the Old Testament from which the Jews have derived great inspiration over the centuries, and in which Christians have found ways to better understand the death of Jesus Christ.”
Newsome, James D. Exodus. First edition, Westminster John Knox Press, 1998. p. 37.
“God directed His plagues against the idolatry in Egypt, against Pharaoh, and against Satan. It was a battle of the gods. Exodus 12:12 confirms it: “For I will pass through the land of Egypt this night, and will smite all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment: I am the Lord.” God exposed the gods of Egypt as false, and He revealed to Israel His ability to deliver them. These Israelites had been born in the brickyards in the midst of idolatry, and God had to show them that He was superior.”
McGee, J. Vernon. Exodus Chapters 1-18. Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1991.
p. 48.
“The yearly timing of the Passover gives us further insight into its symbolism and significance for God’s people. The way nations and cultures mark their months and years often reveals something about their religion. The events described in Exodus 12 mark a very important time in Israel’s history when the children of Israel began to divide the year into months. From the standpoint of a religious calendar, the Passover and the exodus would begin the first month. So the new year for Israel is now grounded not in nature-renewal but in a redemptive-historical event —the Passover and exodus. The Egyptian new year began with the onset of the flood of the Nile. In structuring their calendars all the ancient cultures followed nature or lunar movement, but not Israel: “Such a revolutionary phenomenon is without analogy in the ancient world.”’ God’s redemptive act would commence the Israelite new year. At the center of Israel’s life as a nation would stand the remembrance of God’s redemption.”
White, John H. Slavery to Servanthood. Great Commission Publications, 1987. p. 85.
Exodus 12 links:
a consecrated community
all about a Promise (part 1)
brush with death
deployed for a mission
Exodus- remember
rescue by grace
sendoff
signs for the believers
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